💎 Gemstones
Most gemstones are varieties of a mineral species – amethyst and citrine are quartz, ruby and sapphire are corundum, emerald and aquamarine are beryl. Others are rocks (lapis lazuli), mineraloids (opal) or organic (amber, pearl). Each card links to a page with properties and the parent mineral.
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AbsiteMineral variety
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AchroiteMineral variety
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Adamantine sparMineral variety
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AdamsiteMineral variety

AdulariaMineral variety
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Afghanite(Na,K)₂₂Ca₁₀(Si₂₄Al₂₄)O₉₆(SO₄)₆Cl₆IMA mineral species

AgateSiO₂Mineral variety · H 6.5 – 7

Agate GeodeGeode / nodule
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Agate-jasperMineral variety

AlabasterMineral variety
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Albite cat’s-eyeMineral variety
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Albite MoonstoneMineral variety

AlexandriteAl₂BeO₄Mineral variety · H 8.5

AlmandineFe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃IMA mineral species · H 7.5
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AlushtiteMineral variety

AlviteMineral variety
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AmalgamMineral variety

AmazoniteMineral variety

AmberC₁₂H₂₀OOrganic gem · H 2 – 2.5

Amber with InclusionsFossil

AmethystSiO₂Mineral variety · H 7

Amethyst GeodeGeode / nodule

Amethyst StalactiteMineral variety

AmetrineMineral variety

AmmoliteGem material
AmmoniteFossil
AmositeMineral variety

AndesineMineral variety

AndraditeCa₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃IMA mineral species

AnniviteMineral variety

AnorthoclaseMineral variety
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AntozoniteMineral variety

AnyoliteRock
Apache tearsRock

ApatiteMineral group · H 5 – 7
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AphriteCaCO₃Mineral variety

ApophylliteMineral group

Apophyllite StalactiteMineral variety
AquamarineBe₃Al₂Si₅O₁₈Mineral variety
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Aragonite SputnikMineral variety
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ArgentiteAg₂SMineral variety
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AriteMineral variety

Arkansas QuartzMineral variety

ArqueriteMineral variety

AventurineRock · H 6.5
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Azurite-malachiteGem material

BakeriteMineral variety · H 4.5
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Balas rubyMineral variety

Baltic AmberOrganic gem

Banded AragoniteMineral variety
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BariomicroliteMineral variety
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Barite RoseMineral variety
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BastiteMineral variety

BauxiteRock

BenitoiteIMA mineral species · H 6

BerylBe₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈IMA mineral species

BinniteMineral variety

BismuthOther
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Black CalciteMineral variety

Black MoonstoneMineral variety

Black OpalMineral variety

Black Star SapphireMineral variety
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BlastoidFossil

Blue AmberOrganic gem

Blue AragoniteMineral variety
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Blue CalciteMineral variety

Blue ChalcedonyMineral variety
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Blue HaliteMineral variety

Blue lace agateMineral variety

Blue MoonstoneMineral variety

Blue OpalMineral variety

BortCMineral variety

Botswana agateMineral variety

Boulder OpalMineral variety

BoushakiMineral variety
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BrachiopodFossil
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BrammalliteMineral variety

BronziteMineral variety

Brown AragoniteMineral variety
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BrunsvigiteMineral variety

BytowniteMineral variety
CalamitesFossil

Calcite GeodeGeode / nodule

Calcite StalactiteMineral variety
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Caribbean Blue CalciteMineral variety

CarnelianMineral variety · H 7
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Cat's eyeGem material

Cat's-Eye MoonstoneMineral variety

Cave AragoniteMineral variety

Celestite GeodeGeode / nodule
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CerphosphorhuttoniteMineral variety

Chain CoralFossil

ChalcedonyMineral variety · H 7

Chalcedony StalactiteMineral variety
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Charlevoix StoneFossil
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ChernobyliteMineral variety

ChiastoliteMineral variety
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ChileniteAg₆BiMineral variety

ChloanthiteMineral variety
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ChlorastroliteMineral variety
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ChloromelaniteMineral variety

ChlorophaneMineral variety

Chocolate OpalMineral variety

ChromdiopsideMineral variety

Chrome chalcedonyMineral variety

Chromian clinochloreMineral variety

Chrysanthemum stoneRock

ChrysoberylBeAl₂O₄IMA mineral species · H 8.5

ChrysopraseMineral variety

CitrineMineral variety · H 7
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CleavelanditeMineral variety

CleiophaneZnSMineral variety
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CleveiteMineral variety
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CliftoniteMineral variety

CobaltocalciteMineral variety

Common OpalMineral variety
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Condor AgateMineral variety

CopalOrganic gem
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CoralOrganic gem

CordieriteMg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈IMA mineral species

CorundumAl₂O₃IMA mineral species · H 9

Crazy Lace AgateMineral variety

CrinoidFossil

CrocidoliteMineral variety · H 4
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Crystal OpalMineral variety
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DahlliteMineral variety
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Dalmatian JasperRock
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DanaiteMineral variety
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Daphnite(Fe,Mg)₅Al(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₈Mineral variety

DelessiteMineral variety
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DemantoidMineral variety
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Dendritic AgateMineral variety
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Dendritic OpalMineral variety

Derbyshire Blue JohnGem material

Desert roseRock

DiabantiteMineral variety
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Diaclasite(Mg,Fe)SiO3 · 1/4H2OMineral variety
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DiallageMineral variety

DiamondCIMA mineral species · H 10
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Dinosaur BoneFossil

Dogtooth CalciteMineral variety

DraviteNaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃OHIMA mineral species · H 7
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Dryhead AgateMineral variety
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DuhameliteMineral variety
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DysanalyteMineral variety

Eilat stoneGem material

ElbaiteNa(Li₁.₅Al₁.₅)Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)IMA mineral species · H 7
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ElectrumAu·AgMineral variety · H 2 – 3

EmboliteMineral variety
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EmeraldMineral variety · H 7.6
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EndlichiteMineral variety
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Ethiopian OpalMineral variety

Eye AgateMineral variety
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Fairburn AgateMineral variety

Falcon's eyeMineral variety

FassaiteMineral variety
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FemoliteMineral variety
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FerritungstiteMineral variety
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Ferroan platinumMineral variety
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FerropericlaseMineral variety

Fire agateMineral variety

Fire opalMineral variety

Flos FerriMineral variety

ForsteriteMg₂SiO₄IMA mineral species · H 7

Fortification AgateMineral variety
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Fossil Brittle StarFossil
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Fossil CoralFossil

Fossil GastropodFossil

Fossil Sand DollarFossil
Fossil Sea UrchinFossil

Fossil Shark TeethFossil
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Fossil ShellFossil

Fossil StarfishFossil

FrancoliteMineral variety
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FuchsiteMineral variety

FulguriteNatural glass
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FupingqiuiteMineral variety

Garnet groupMineral group

GarnieriteRock
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GelvarisciteMineral variety

GeodeGeode / nodule

GlendoniteMineral variety

Gold Sheen ObsidianMineral variety
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Golden berylBe₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈Gem material

Golden sheen sapphireMineral variety
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GoldstoneMan-made glass

GosheniteMineral variety
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Gray MoonstoneMineral variety
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Green CalciteMineral variety

Green MoonstoneMineral variety
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Green OpalMineral variety
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GriffithiteMineral variety

GrossularCa₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃IMA mineral species

HeliodorMineral variety
HeliotropeSiO₂Mineral variety · H 6.5 – 7
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HemafibriteMineral variety

Herkimer diamondMineral variety

HessoniteMineral variety · H 7

HexagoniteMineral variety
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HibschiteCa₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃₋ₓ(OH)₄ₓ (x=0.2-1.5)Mineral variety

HiddeniteMineral variety

Honey CalciteMineral variety

Honey OpalMineral variety

Honeycomb CoralFossil

Horn CoralFossil

HyalophaneMineral variety · H 5 – 7

HydrohetaeroliteHZnMn³⁺₅/₃O₄Mineral variety

Iceland sparMineral variety · H 3

IlmenorutileMineral variety
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IncaiteMineral variety

IndicoliteMineral variety
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Indonesian Agatized CoralFossil
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IoliteMg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈Mineral variety
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IridosmineMineral variety
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Iris AgateMineral variety
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Iris quartzMineral variety
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IrnimiteMineral variety

Jacinto de CompostelaMineral variety · H 7

JadeGem material

JadeiteNaAlSi₂O₆IMA mineral species

JasperMineral variety · H 7
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JetOrganic gem
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K2 JasperRock

KamaciteMineral variety · H 4

Kambaba JasperRock
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KeilhauiteMineral variety

Keokuk GeodeGeode / nodule
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KeroliteMineral variety

KnebeliteMineral variety

KunziteMineral variety

LabradoriteMineral variety · H 6 – 6.5

Laguna AgateMineral variety

Lake Superior AgateMineral variety

Lapis lazuliRock · H 5 – 6

LarimarMineral variety

LarvikiteRock
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Las Choyas GeodeGeode / nodule

LazuriteNa[(AlSiO4)SO4]IMA mineral species · H 5.5
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LeesbergiteMineral variety
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Lemon CalciteMineral variety
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LeonharditeMineral variety

LepidodendronFossil

LepidoliteMineral group

Libyan desert glassNatural glass
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LodestoneRock
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LovchorriteMineral variety
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MagnesiowüstiteFeOMineral variety

Mahogany ObsidianRock

MalachiteCu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂IMA mineral species · H 3.5 – 4

Malachite StalactiteMineral variety

Manganoan calciteMineral variety
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Mango CalciteMineral variety

Matrix OpalMineral variety
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MatveeviteMineral variety

Maw sit sitGem material

Megalodon ToothFossil

MelaniteMineral variety
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MeniliteMineral variety
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Merkabite CalciteMineral variety
MeteoriteOther
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MicrasterFossil

MoldaviteNatural glass
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MookaiteRock

MoonstoneMineral variety

MorganiteMineral variety
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Moroccan GeodeGeode / nodule
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MoschellandbergiteMineral variety

Moss agateMineral variety · H 6.5 – 7
NacreOrganic gem
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Nailhead sparCaCO₃Mineral variety

NephriteRock
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NiobolopariteMineral variety

NovaculiteRock

NuummiteRock

ObsidianRock · H 5 – 6

Ocean JasperRock

OligoclaseMineral variety

OlivineMineral group

OnyxSiO₂Mineral variety · H 7

OpalSiO₂·nH₂OIMA mineral species

Opal Doublet & TripletMineral variety

OpaliteNatural glass

Opalized FossilFossil
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Orange CalciteMineral variety

OrthocerasFossil

Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)Mineral variety

Peach MoonstoneMineral variety

PearlOrganic gem
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PericlineMineral variety
PeridotMineral variety

Petoskey stoneFossil
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Petrified woodRock
Petroleum QuartzMineral variety
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PicotiteMineral variety

Picture JasperRock

PietersiteSiO₂Mineral variety

Pink HaliteMineral variety

Pink OpalMineral variety

PitchblendeMineral variety
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PlaffeiiteMineral variety
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Plumboan calciteMineral variety
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Plume AgateMineral variety

Polychrome JasperRock
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PotosíiteMineral variety
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PraseMineral variety
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PrasioliteMineral variety
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Precious opalGem material

Pyrite SunMineral variety

PyropeMg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃IMA mineral species · H 7.5

Quartz GeodeGeode / nodule
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QuartzineMineral variety
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Rainbow CalciteMineral variety

Rainbow MoonstoneMineral variety
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Rainbow ObsidianRock
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RatovkiteMineral variety

Red berylMineral variety
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Red CalciteMineral variety

Red JasperMineral variety
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RhodochrositeMnCO₃IMA mineral species

Rhodochrosite StalactiteMineral variety

RhyoliteRock

Rock crystalSiO₂Mineral variety · H 7

Rose quartzSiO₂Mineral variety · H 7
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RosoliteMineral variety

RubelliteMineral variety

RubyAl₂O₃Mineral variety · H 9 – 9.5

Rutilated quartzMineral variety
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SanguineMineral variety

SapphireMineral variety · H 9
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SardMineral variety

SardonyxMineral variety · H 6.5

Satin SparMineral variety

Sea BiscuitFossil

SeleniteCaSO₄·2H₂OMineral variety · H 1.5 – 2

SeptariaRock
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SeraphiniteMineral variety

Serpentine mineral subgroupMineral group · H 2.5 – 4

Shepherd's CrownFossil
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SheridaniteMineral variety
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Shiva LingamRock

ShungiteRock

Silver Sheen ObsidianMineral variety

Smoky quartzSiO₂Mineral variety · H 7

Snowflake obsidianRock

SodaliteNa₄Si₃Al₃O₁₂ClIMA mineral species · H 6

SpectroliteMineral variety
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SpeculariteMineral variety
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SperkiseMineral variety

SpessartineMn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃IMA mineral species

SphaleriteZnSIMA mineral species

SpinelMgAl₂O₄IMA mineral species · H 8

Spirit QuartzMineral variety

SpodumeneLiAlSi₂O₆IMA mineral species

Star BerylMineral variety

Star DiopsideMineral variety
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Star garnetGem material

Star MoonstoneMineral variety
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Star quartzMineral variety
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Star Rose QuartzMineral variety

Star RubyMineral variety

Star SapphireMineral variety

Star SpinelMineral variety

SteatiteMineral variety
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Stellar Beam CalciteMineral variety
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StigmariaFossil

StilbiteMineral group

Strawberry QuartzMineral variety

SulfurMineral

SunstoneMineral variety
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SvitalskiteMineral variety

Synthetic OpalMineral variety

Taiwan JadeGem material
Tampa Bay Agatized CoralFossil
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TanzaniteMineral variety · H 6.5 – 7

TektiteNatural glass

TerueliteCaMg(CO₃)₂Mineral variety
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Thorian uraninite(U,Th)O₂Mineral variety

ThuliteMineral variety
ThundereggGeode / nodule
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ThuringiteMineral variety

Tiger-ironRock

Tiger's eyeRock · H 7

TitaniteCaTiSiO₅IMA mineral species · H 5.5

TitanomagnetiteMineral variety

TopazAl₂SiO₄F₂IMA mineral species · H 8

TopazoliteMineral variety

Tourmalinated QuartzMineral variety

TourmalinesMineral group
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Trapiche crystalGem material

Tree AgateMineral variety

TrilobiteFossil
TriphaneMineral variety

TsavoriteMineral variety

TurquoiseCuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂OIMA mineral species

Twinned AragoniteMineral variety
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UhligiteCa₃(Ti,Al,Zr)₉O₂₀Mineral variety · H 5.5
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UmbaliteMineral variety

UnakiteRock
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UranothorianiteMineral variety

Uruguayan Amethyst GeodeGeode / nodule
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VaaliteMineral variety
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Velvet ObsidianMineral variety
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VerdeliteMineral variety
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Virgin Valley OpalMineral variety
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ViséiteMineral variety

Watermelon TourmalineMineral variety
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WerneriteMineral variety

White MoonstoneMineral variety

White OpalMineral variety

WolframiteMineral variety

Wood OpalMineral variety

Yellow AragoniteMineral variety
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YeniteMineral variety
Yogo sapphireMineral variety · H 9

YttroceriteMineral variety

YttrofluoriteMineral variety

Zebra JasperRock

Zeiringite(Cu,Zn)CaCO₃Mineral variety
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ZinclavendulanMineral variety

ZirconZrSiO₄IMA mineral species · H 7.5

ZultaniteMineral variety